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The Revista Brasileira de Música (Brazilian Journal of Music) embarks on its ninth decade celebrating Brazilian music and its intersections with the musical culture of other countries and international musicological thinking. The RBM consolidates its editorial policy of internationalization and democratization of access to knowledge, and seeks to promote the improvement of musicological approaches and to reformulate its interdisciplinary postures. The main theme "World System" of this volume refers to the socio-cultural relations of music in different geo-cultural contexts. The term "world system" is borrowed from the sociologist Immanuel Wallerstein with the aim of suggesting that this set of texts can be read from the perspective of their subjects as part of a larger system, which resulted in institutionalized structures of knowledge, historically situated, and brought by capitalism, resulting in worldviews and relations between "center" and "periphery".

(First published in French as "Un Systeme-monde," in L'Information Geographique, 1990, 54, pp 45-52.) The world-system is defined as humankind in its spatial interaction & conjunction. In historical terms, the world-system is a recent development. For it to emerge, several conditions had to come together: the knowledge that the earth is round & of its major natural & human distributions, with their limits & systems of organization; that information can travel over its entire expanse & that communications are established between all its various parts. The elements & characteristics that define geographical systems are found in the world-system. It is made up of "pavements," networks, centers of impetus, a global metropolitan "archipelago" & "backyards" of the world-system. The global space is formed by the interaction of two arenas: international diplomatic relations & transnational economic flows. The global space is currently dominated by three or four centers that make up the world oligopoly. Present-day globalization leads simultaneously to the accentuation of differences, in demographic behavior, standards of living & ways of life, & to the erosion of cultural diversity. In its oversimplified interactions in the world-system, humankind cannot dissociate itself from its support background, the Earth-system. Adapted from the source document.

"World System History" published on by Oxford University Press.

THE WORLD SYSTEMS ORIENTATION IN THE FIELD OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS IS RELATIVELY NEW & COMPLEMENTS PREVIOUS APPROACHES. THE MAJOR POINT OF AGREEMENT PRESENTLY REACHED IS THE PERPETUATION & ENDURANCE OF OUR PRESENT WORLD ORDER & CERTAIN LONG-TERM STRUCTURES WHICH SUPPORT IT. A DEBATE TAKES PLACE OVER THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ECONOMICS & THE STATE SYSTEM.

In contrast to three decades of steady deceleration in the world economy, East Asia's economic performance has been exceptional: Japan embarked on a manufacturing revolution that has increased per capita real income fourfold since the 1960s; South Korea, Taiwan, Singapore, & Hong Kong embarked on their own export-led manufacturing revolutions that have increased real gross domestic product eightfold since the 1950s; the People's Republic of China accelarated its modernization efforts, introduced market mechanisms, & welcomed foreign investment in the late 1970s & has been the world's fastest growing economy since the 1980s; & Indonesia, Malaysia, & Thailand have also proven that they can sustain comparable rates of economic growth. But the East Asian miracle must be understood as an integral part of the world-system, as this review of Andre Gunder Frank's contributions to world-system theory reveals. M. Maguire

Suggests that the notion that the environmental movement's slogan, "Think globally, act locally," must apply to the entire world system is to be checked. Human social, cultural, political, & economic organization are global in scope, & all affect the environmental situation. Specific problems of deforestation, global warming, & the effect of economic & political development on natural resources are addressed. Some implications of a new environmental ethics for world-systems theory are discussed, & the development of an ecosociology is urged. 28 References. K. Hyatt Stewart

Suggests that the notion that the environmental movement's slogan, "Think globally, act locally," must apply to the entire world system is to be checked. Human social, cultural, political, & economic organization are global in scope, & all affect the environmental situation. Specific problems of deforestation, global warming, & the effect of economic & political development on natural resources are addressed. Some implications of a new environmental ethics for world-systems theory are discussed, & the development of an ecosociology is urged. 28 References. K. Hyatt Stewart